Difference between revisions of "Knoppix Remastering Howto Deutsch"
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− | + | '''Übersetzung noch nicht fertig.''' | |
+ | ---- | ||
− | + | Dieser Leitfaden ist eine Übersetzung der englischen Version von [[Knoppix_Remastering_Howto]], jedoch ohne den Zusatzteil mit den nicht von mir überprüften weiteren Anleitungen [[Knoppix_Remastering_Howto#Old_stuff_of_this_HowTo]] | |
+ | Dies HowTo beschreibt, wie Knoppix nach der '''alten "chroot-Methode"''' remastert werden kann. Die Scripte von "Instructions" bis "Remastering the ISO" wurden mit Knoppix V6.7.1CD getestet. Bitte keine alten Knoppix-Versionen benützen! | ||
+ | =Instructions= | ||
+ | ==Vorbereitung zum Remaster== | ||
+ | * Boote mit ''Knoppix CD'' | ||
+ | * Ein Terminal öffnen und "su" eingeben, um root zu werden. | ||
+ | * Internet-Verbindung einrichten. Wenn DHCP verwendet wird, sollte bereits alles von allein konfiguriert sein (mit '''ifconfig''' überprüfen). | ||
+ | * Lege die Partition fest, mit der du arbeiten willst und ändere die Variable "PFAD" innerhalb der Scripte wie Du sie brauchst. Im Beispiel hier wird '''/media/sda1''' verwendet. Die Partition sollte mindestens einen freien Platz von 5 GB zum remastern einer CD und 20 GB zum remastern einer DVD haben. | ||
+ | * Das erste Script macht alle notwendigen Vorarbeiten: | ||
+ | #! /bin/sh | ||
+ | # Path to partition you will work on | ||
+ | PFAD="/media/sda1" | ||
+ | START=$(date +'%s') | ||
+ | # Disable screensaver | ||
+ | xscreensaver-command -exit | ||
+ | # One sub-directory will be used for the Master-CD | ||
+ | mkdir -p $PFAD/knx/master | ||
+ | cd $PFAD/knx | ||
+ | # You will need a swapfile | ||
+ | dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1M count=500 | ||
+ | mkswap swapfile ; swapon swapfile | ||
+ | free -m | ||
+ | # Make a sub-directory for the source | ||
+ | mkdir -p $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX | ||
+ | echo "Copy the KNOPPIX files to your source directory." | ||
+ | echo "This will take a long time!" | ||
+ | cp -rp /KNOPPIX/* $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX | ||
+ | echo "rsync" | ||
+ | # Additionally, copy the files to build the ISO later | ||
+ | rsync -aH --exclude="KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX" /mnt-system/* $PFAD/knx/master | ||
+ | # gunzip inital RAM-disk | ||
+ | mkdir -p $PFAD/knx/minirt/minirtdir | ||
+ | cp $PFAD/knx/master/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz $PFAD/knx/minirt/ | ||
+ | cd $PFAD/knx/minirt/ | ||
+ | gunzip minirt.gz | ||
+ | cd minirtdir | ||
+ | cpio -imd --no-absolute-filenames < ../minirt | ||
+ | # Enable screensaver | ||
+ | su knoppix -c "xscreensaver -nosplash &" | ||
+ | echo -e "\nFinished! Used time: $(expr $(expr $(date +'%s') - $START) / 60) min. \ | ||
+ | and $(expr $(expr $(date +'%s') - $START) % 60) sec." | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Setup the environment for chroot== | ||
+ | * Benutze dies Script bevor in die chroot-Umgebung gewechselt wird: | ||
+ | #! /bin/sh | ||
+ | # Path to partition you will work on | ||
+ | PFAD="/media/sda1" | ||
+ | # To use the Internet add your nameserver into the chroot folder | ||
+ | cp /etc/resolv.conf $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/resolv.conf | ||
+ | # Allow X-based programs in chroot | ||
+ | [ -e $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/home/knoppix/.Xauthority ] \ | ||
+ | && rm $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/home/knoppix/.Xauthority | ||
+ | cp /home/knoppix/.Xauthority $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/home/knoppix | ||
+ | chown knoppix:knoppix $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/home/knoppix/.Xauthority | ||
+ | # prepare enviroment for chroot | ||
+ | mount --bind /dev $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev | ||
+ | mount -t proc proc $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/proc | ||
+ | mount -t sysfs sysfs $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/sys | ||
+ | mount --bind /dev/pts $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev/pts | ||
+ | mount --bind /tmp $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/tmp | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Working in the Chroot Environment== | ||
+ | * Jetzt das "chroot" zur Kopie von KNOPPIX: | ||
+ | chroot /media/sda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX | ||
+ | * Remember that anything you do or create in the chrooted environment will get burned to the CD. | ||
+ | * Within the chroot you can also start X-based programs from command line of the terminal. | ||
+ | * Type "su knoppix" to become user knoppix; use "Strg D" to be root again. | ||
+ | * Update your package list with: '''apt-get update''' | ||
+ | ** '''Warning''': apt-get upgrade is a ''BAD IDEA''. It will, quite probably, render your KNOPPIX remaster unbootable, or broken in some way. A far safer method is to only upgrade packages as necessary. | ||
+ | **Before you can add stuff, you will probably need to remove some packages. | ||
+ | * To get a list of packages installed, you can use [http://www.wp-schulz.de/knoppix/kn-script.html#kn-what kn-what] to get lists sorted by size etc. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Leaving the Chroot== | ||
+ | * Press '''CTRL+D''' to leave being chrooted; then use this schript: | ||
+ | #! /bin/sh | ||
+ | # Path to partition you will work on | ||
+ | PFAD="/media/sda1" | ||
+ | for i in dev/pts proc sys dev tmp; do | ||
+ | umount $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/$i | ||
+ | done | ||
+ | sed -i '2,$d' $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/resolv.conf | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Changes outside from chroot enviroment== | ||
+ | * If you want another way to start with Knoppix, make changes in '/media/sda1/knx/master/boot/isolinux/isolinux.cfg': | ||
+ | ** for example replace all 'tz=localtime' with 'tz=America/New_York' | ||
+ | * You can append in this file cheatcodes, which you need all the time: | ||
+ | ** for example write 'no3d' (without ' ') to each Append line, if you don't like compiz 3d | ||
+ | * Read '''knoppix-cheatcodes.txt'''. You can find the newest version of this file on the [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix-mirrors/ Mirrors]. | ||
+ | * In '/media/sda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/X11/Xsession.d/45knoppix' you can find, which wallpaper Knoppix uses or which startup-sound. | ||
+ | * In '/media/sda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/init.d/knoppix-halt' you'll find which sound you hear during shutdown. | ||
+ | * Create a file '/media/sda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/knoppix.sh' in order to start additional services. | ||
+ | =Remastering the ISO= | ||
+ | * We've finished customizing and ready to burn! | ||
+ | #! /bin/sh | ||
+ | Path to partition you will work on | ||
+ | PFAD="/media/sda1" | ||
+ | START=$(date +'%s') | ||
+ | # Disable screensaver | ||
+ | xscreensaver-command -exit | ||
+ | # Build new inital RAM-disk | ||
+ | cd $PFAD/knx/minirt/minirtdir/ | ||
+ | find . | cpio -oH newc | gzip -9 > ../minirt.gz | ||
+ | cp $PFAD/knx/minirt/minirt.gz $PFAD/knx/master/boot/isolinux/ | ||
+ | # Make the big compressed filesystem KNOPPIX | ||
+ | genisoimage -input-charset ISO-8859-15 -R -l -D -V KNOPPIX_FS -quiet \ | ||
+ | -no-split-symlink-components -no-split-symlink-fields \ | ||
+ | -hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX \ | ||
+ | | /usr/sbin/create_compressed_fs -q -B 65536 -t 8 \ | ||
+ | -f $PFAD/knx/isotemp - $PFAD/knx/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX | ||
+ | # Update the file hashes used by the "testcd" boot option | ||
+ | cd $PFAD/knx/master ; find -type f -not -name \ | ||
+ | sha1sums -not -name boot.cat -not \ | ||
+ | -name isolinux.bin -exec sha1sum '{}' \; > KNOPPIX/sha1sums | ||
+ | # Create new Knoppix ISO | ||
+ | genisoimage -l -r -J -V "KNOPPIX" \ | ||
+ | -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \ | ||
+ | -boot-info-table -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat \ | ||
+ | -o $PFAD/knx/remasterd.iso $PFAD/knx/master | ||
+ | # Enable screensaver | ||
+ | su knoppix -c "xscreensaver -nosplash &" | ||
+ | echo -e "\nFinished! Used time: $(expr $(expr $(date +'%s') - $START) / 60) min. \ | ||
+ | and $(expr $(expr $(date +'%s') - $START) % 60) sec. \ | ||
+ | \n\nThe new ISO is stored in '$PFAD/knx/remastered.iso' " | ||
+ | |||
+ | * End of '''revised version''' of this HowTo | ||
+ | |||
+ | See also: | ||
+ | * [http://www.wp-schulz.de/knoppix/summary.html Remaster Knoppix without chroot] | ||
+ | * [http://www.wp-schulz.de/knoppix/recombine.html Recombine Knoppix flash installation] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | * Adapted for V6.7.1 and without out-of-date stuff [[Knoppix Remastering Howto Deutsch]] | ||
[[Category: Remastering Knoppix ]] | [[Category: Remastering Knoppix ]] |
Revision as of 22:26, 26 February 2012
Übersetzung noch nicht fertig.
Dieser Leitfaden ist eine Übersetzung der englischen Version von Knoppix_Remastering_Howto, jedoch ohne den Zusatzteil mit den nicht von mir überprüften weiteren Anleitungen Knoppix_Remastering_Howto#Old_stuff_of_this_HowTo
Dies HowTo beschreibt, wie Knoppix nach der alten "chroot-Methode" remastert werden kann. Die Scripte von "Instructions" bis "Remastering the ISO" wurden mit Knoppix V6.7.1CD getestet. Bitte keine alten Knoppix-Versionen benützen!
Contents
Instructions
Vorbereitung zum Remaster
- Boote mit Knoppix CD
- Ein Terminal öffnen und "su" eingeben, um root zu werden.
- Internet-Verbindung einrichten. Wenn DHCP verwendet wird, sollte bereits alles von allein konfiguriert sein (mit ifconfig überprüfen).
- Lege die Partition fest, mit der du arbeiten willst und ändere die Variable "PFAD" innerhalb der Scripte wie Du sie brauchst. Im Beispiel hier wird /media/sda1 verwendet. Die Partition sollte mindestens einen freien Platz von 5 GB zum remastern einer CD und 20 GB zum remastern einer DVD haben.
- Das erste Script macht alle notwendigen Vorarbeiten:
#! /bin/sh # Path to partition you will work on PFAD="/media/sda1" START=$(date +'%s') # Disable screensaver xscreensaver-command -exit # One sub-directory will be used for the Master-CD mkdir -p $PFAD/knx/master cd $PFAD/knx # You will need a swapfile dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1M count=500 mkswap swapfile ; swapon swapfile free -m # Make a sub-directory for the source mkdir -p $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX echo "Copy the KNOPPIX files to your source directory." echo "This will take a long time!" cp -rp /KNOPPIX/* $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX echo "rsync" # Additionally, copy the files to build the ISO later rsync -aH --exclude="KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX" /mnt-system/* $PFAD/knx/master # gunzip inital RAM-disk mkdir -p $PFAD/knx/minirt/minirtdir cp $PFAD/knx/master/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz $PFAD/knx/minirt/ cd $PFAD/knx/minirt/ gunzip minirt.gz cd minirtdir cpio -imd --no-absolute-filenames < ../minirt # Enable screensaver su knoppix -c "xscreensaver -nosplash &" echo -e "\nFinished! Used time: $(expr $(expr $(date +'%s') - $START) / 60) min. \ and $(expr $(expr $(date +'%s') - $START) % 60) sec."
Setup the environment for chroot
- Benutze dies Script bevor in die chroot-Umgebung gewechselt wird:
#! /bin/sh # Path to partition you will work on PFAD="/media/sda1" # To use the Internet add your nameserver into the chroot folder cp /etc/resolv.conf $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/resolv.conf # Allow X-based programs in chroot [ -e $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/home/knoppix/.Xauthority ] \ && rm $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/home/knoppix/.Xauthority cp /home/knoppix/.Xauthority $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/home/knoppix chown knoppix:knoppix $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/home/knoppix/.Xauthority # prepare enviroment for chroot mount --bind /dev $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev mount -t proc proc $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/proc mount -t sysfs sysfs $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/sys mount --bind /dev/pts $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/dev/pts mount --bind /tmp $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/tmp
Working in the Chroot Environment
- Jetzt das "chroot" zur Kopie von KNOPPIX:
chroot /media/sda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX
- Remember that anything you do or create in the chrooted environment will get burned to the CD.
- Within the chroot you can also start X-based programs from command line of the terminal.
- Type "su knoppix" to become user knoppix; use "Strg D" to be root again.
- Update your package list with: apt-get update
- Warning: apt-get upgrade is a BAD IDEA. It will, quite probably, render your KNOPPIX remaster unbootable, or broken in some way. A far safer method is to only upgrade packages as necessary.
- Before you can add stuff, you will probably need to remove some packages.
- To get a list of packages installed, you can use kn-what to get lists sorted by size etc.
Leaving the Chroot
- Press CTRL+D to leave being chrooted; then use this schript:
#! /bin/sh # Path to partition you will work on PFAD="/media/sda1" for i in dev/pts proc sys dev tmp; do umount $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/$i done sed -i '2,$d' $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/resolv.conf
Changes outside from chroot enviroment
- If you want another way to start with Knoppix, make changes in '/media/sda1/knx/master/boot/isolinux/isolinux.cfg':
- for example replace all 'tz=localtime' with 'tz=America/New_York'
- You can append in this file cheatcodes, which you need all the time:
- for example write 'no3d' (without ' ') to each Append line, if you don't like compiz 3d
- Read knoppix-cheatcodes.txt. You can find the newest version of this file on the Mirrors.
- In '/media/sda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/X11/Xsession.d/45knoppix' you can find, which wallpaper Knoppix uses or which startup-sound.
- In '/media/sda1/knx/source/KNOPPIX/etc/init.d/knoppix-halt' you'll find which sound you hear during shutdown.
- Create a file '/media/sda1/knx/master/KNOPPIX/knoppix.sh' in order to start additional services.
Remastering the ISO
- We've finished customizing and ready to burn!
#! /bin/sh Path to partition you will work on PFAD="/media/sda1" START=$(date +'%s') # Disable screensaver xscreensaver-command -exit # Build new inital RAM-disk cd $PFAD/knx/minirt/minirtdir/ find . | cpio -oH newc | gzip -9 > ../minirt.gz cp $PFAD/knx/minirt/minirt.gz $PFAD/knx/master/boot/isolinux/ # Make the big compressed filesystem KNOPPIX genisoimage -input-charset ISO-8859-15 -R -l -D -V KNOPPIX_FS -quiet \ -no-split-symlink-components -no-split-symlink-fields \ -hide-rr-moved -cache-inodes $PFAD/knx/source/KNOPPIX \ | /usr/sbin/create_compressed_fs -q -B 65536 -t 8 \ -f $PFAD/knx/isotemp - $PFAD/knx/master/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX # Update the file hashes used by the "testcd" boot option cd $PFAD/knx/master ; find -type f -not -name \ sha1sums -not -name boot.cat -not \ -name isolinux.bin -exec sha1sum '{}' \; > KNOPPIX/sha1sums # Create new Knoppix ISO genisoimage -l -r -J -V "KNOPPIX" \ -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \ -boot-info-table -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat \ -o $PFAD/knx/remasterd.iso $PFAD/knx/master # Enable screensaver su knoppix -c "xscreensaver -nosplash &" echo -e "\nFinished! Used time: $(expr $(expr $(date +'%s') - $START) / 60) min. \ and $(expr $(expr $(date +'%s') - $START) % 60) sec. \ \n\nThe new ISO is stored in '$PFAD/knx/remastered.iso' "
- End of revised version of this HowTo
See also:
- Adapted for V6.7.1 and without out-of-date stuff Knoppix Remastering Howto Deutsch