Difference between revisions of "Downloading FAQ"


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*German Version: [[Faq DownloadingDeutsch]]
+
=== Which version should I download? ===
*Spanish:[[Faq Descarga]]
+
The newest official versions should always be on the official BitTorrent Tracker, so get the most current status of version information there. They usually show up shortly after on most of the mirrors also, but some mirrors may take a week or more to update.
*Indonesian version: [[Indonesian downloading FAQ]]
+
----
+
Return to [[Knoppix FAQ]]
+
----
+
:Tip: Use CD-RWs instead of CD-Rs every time you can - save your budget and our environment!
+
  
====Q: How do I get the CD/current beta?====
+
Official versions of Knoppix will have both a version number and a release date in their name. Some versions of Knoppix had several releases with different dates for minor bug fixes but did not change the version number, so checking the release date may be important.
  
A: Several possibilities:
+
Most of you needs the "KNOPPIX" and not "ADRIANE-KNOPPIX" version. "ADRIANE-KNOPPIX" is a special version for blind people.
*  Download from one of the mirrors listed at [http://www.knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Download Page] . Try to choose the mirror nearest you for best results.
+
*  Download with [[Bittorrent]] from [http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ The Unix-AG BitTorrent Tracker]
+
*  If a 700Mb download is too much for your bandwidth capabilities,  you can order the newest CD from a retailer on [http://knoppix.net/get.php The Knoppix Order Page]
+
  
====Q: Can you download Knoppix in parts if you have a low bandwith (28.8 Kbps) such a pausing the download and continue it another day?====
+
The file names (before the ISO extension) will end in either DE or EN. The DE version will by default boot into German. The EN version will default to booting into English.
  
A: Yes, [[Bittorrent]] supports resume, and so does many ftp clients such as wget ( use wget -c ) or ncftp.
+
Most mirrors also contain some older version of Knoppix. There is currently no known website that offers all old released versions of Knoppix.
You can use other [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/download download managers] too.
+
  
====Q: What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?====
+
=== How do I get the current DVD? ===
 +
* [http://torrent.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/ Download KNOPPIX via BitTorrent]. You can use the tool Transmission for this with its default settings. Start this tool and open the .torrent-file with it. You get a set of all related files also the md5 file automatically in one download. → [[Bittorrent|BitTorrent]] has its own checks and the md5 is only a second recheck of a good download.
  
A: The files with the .md5 extension contain checksums for the actual CD [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/iso ISO images]. A MD5 checksum is a way of fingerprinting files. Just like a real fingerprint identifies a single person, a MD5 checksum is unique and matches exactly one file. It is used to verify that the file downloaded matches the original all the way down to the smallest details. In the case of downloading a Knoppix ISO image, the MD5 checksum is used in order to verify that the file downloaded is perfect and not corrupt.
+
* [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix-mirrors/ Download KNOPPIX from Mirrors]. Try to choose the mirror nearest you for best results. When downloading from a mirror, then also download the accompanying MD5 file too.
  
When you download both the ISO image for the CD, you also must download it's corresponding .md5 file. The .md5 file is a plain-text file and can be viewed in a text editor or web browser. You can verify that your download was perfect and that the ISO's contents are unchanged by typing "md5sum -c filename.md5" under Linux/Unix.
+
=== Knoppix packages list ===
 +
==== Version 7.7.0 ====
 +
* [http://www.wp-schulz.de/images/download/knoppix_77/kn-whp.lst Descriptions]
 +
* [http://www.wp-schulz.de/images/download/knoppix_77/kn-vsn.lst Versions]
  
Further information about MD5 and programs for various OS's can be found at [http://www.linuxiso.org/viewdoc.php/verifyiso.html LinuxISO.org] and [http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/ The MD5 Protocol Documentation]. Here is a small list of MD5 checksum calculators for Windows™ but note that the methods to verify the checksum & make sure you have a perfect ISO file vary between programs.
+
==== Version 7.6.1 ====
* [http://www.toast442.org/md5gui.shtml Graphical MD5Sum]
+
* [http://www.wp-schulz.de/images/download/knoppix_76/kn-whp.lst Descriptions]
* [http://md5summer.org/download.html MD5summer]
+
* [http://www.wp-schulz.de/images/download/knoppix_76/kn-vsn.lst Versions]
* [http://www.slavasoft.com/hashcalc/  SlavaSoft HashCalc]
+
  
====Q: What are the ASC files that accompany the CD ISO images and MD5 files?====
+
<center>[[#top|Top]]</center>
  
A: The files with the .asc extension are PGP-signed messages that contain the md5sum used for verifying the ISO CD images. With this you can be sure the ISO image and accompanying MD5 file are genuine, because the .asc file containing the MD5 is signed with Klaus Knopper's PGP key. This could only be compromised if someone got hold of the secret key used to sign the message. To verify the file, you need to import PGP key ID 0xBA8F038D from your favorite keyserver, then in Linux you can type "gpg --verify KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc". Then you must check that the MD5 checksum in the .asc file is the same that the MD5 checksum in the .md5 file.
+
=== What are these md5 files? ===
 +
These files contains checksums for the actual DVD. A checksum is a way of fingerprinting files. Just like a real fingerprint identifies a single person, a checksum is unique and matches exactly one file. It is used to verify that the file downloaded matches the original all the way down to the smallest details.  
  
If you want to verify the signed md5 file and the ISO file in one step, you can type:
+
Many file corruption problems have been observed when downloading from the mirrors. It is very important to check the md5 checksum if you use a '''mirror'''. If you've downloaded your Knoppix using the '''Torrents''', you don't need to test integrity with md5sum. This will be done automatically by your Torrent client.
gpg --decrypt  KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso.md5.asc | md5sum -c -
+
  
====Q: I have downloaded the ISO file, now what ?====
+
This discussion is about a separate md5 file that you can download from the mirror or that comes down as an individual file in the package of files that you get when you download with BitTorrent. The .md5 file is a plain-text file and can be viewed in a text editor or web browser.
  
A: Several possibilities again:
+
Change to the download directory, where your KNOPPIX_V...EN.iso download is and the download of the KNOPPIX_V...EN.iso.md5 file. After this use
 +
  md5sum -c KNOPPIX_V...EN.iso.md5
  
*Linux: you can use the command:
+
Attention: Instead of '''KNOPPIX_V...EN.iso.md5''' use the real name.
cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=0,3,0 filename
+
:where dev=0,3,0 is your cdwriter
+
  
:('''Attention''', use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to be sure that dev=0,3,0 is you cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controler,id,partiton) !)
+
* '''When downloading and running under Windows''', you can check the md5 checksum with [https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn520872.aspx Get-FileHash].
  
*Windows quick answer: You will need one 700M blank cd. Use a program such as Nero burning rom. You can get a [http://www.nero.com/en/index.html free trial of Nero from their site]. To burn with this program, skip the wizard and choose File>Burn Image.  Select KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso file,>Burn. (Notice, Nero 6 has a bug preventing it from burning large images, for a patch see: [http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4974#23520 this forum discussion])
+
Checking the sha1 hash works the same as above.
 +
sha1sum -c KNOPPIX_V...EN.iso.sha1
 +
uses the .sha1 hash file that you can downloaded with the .iso image file.
  
*Windows long answer: Of course the answer depends on the individual program you are using to burn CDs, but all common CD-Writing programs should support the option of burning bootable ISO-Images, you probably just have to find the right menu option. At the address [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/docs/ for Knoppix documentation] and on some of the KNOPPIX-Mirrors in a directory with the same name, you may find some examples written as short step-by-step documentations from users who successfully completed the procedure. KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso -files are ISO-Images, which uses  "El Torito"-Specification  ([http://www.phoenix.com/resources/specs-cdrom.pdf documented here]).
+
=== What are these asc files? ===
 +
If there is ever an uncertainty as whether or not the ISO image file and its accompanying MD5 file are originals & untampered, then the .asc files are important. The .asc files are digital signature messages.  
  
In the ISO-Image there is not only user-data, but also information about the file structure of the CD itself. If you want to see the file structure, have a look at [http://www.isobuster.com/ Isobuster].
+
Look for the public key of Klaus Knopper:
 +
  gpg --keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net --search-keys "Klaus Knopper"
 +
You'll get the message:
 +
<pre>gpg --keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net --search-keys "Klaus Knopper"
 +
gpg: searching for "Klaus Knopper" from hkp server pool.sks-keyservers.net
 +
(1)    Klaus Knopper <knopper@linuxtag.de>
 +
    Klaus Knopper <knopper@linuxtag.org>
 +
      1024 bit RSA key BA8F038D, created: 2000-05-09
 +
(2)    Klaus Knopper <info@knopper.net>
 +
    Klaus Knopper <knopper@knopper.net>
 +
    Klaus Knopper <knoppix@knopper.net>
 +
      1024 bit DSA key 57E37087, created: 2000-05-06
 +
(3)    Klaus Knopper <knopper@unix-ag.uni-kl.de>
 +
      1024 bit RSA key D3892431, created: 1996-02-11
 +
Keys 1-3 of 3 for "Klaus Knopper". Enter number(s), N)ext, or Q)uit > 2
 +
gpg: requesting key 57E37087 from hkp server pool.sks-keyservers.net
 +
gpg: DBG: armor-keys-failed (KEY 0x0E573DA0F13969EF1DD5ACAA3798E3D757E37087 BEGIN
 +
) ->0
 +
gpg: DBG: armor-keys-failed (KEY 0x0E573DA0F13969EF1DD5ACAA3798E3D757E37087 END
 +
) ->0
 +
gpg: key 57E37087: "Klaus Knopper <knopper@knopper.net>" not changed
 +
gpg: Total number processed: 1
 +
gpg:              unchanged: 1</pre>
 +
Klaus Knopper has signed the "...md5" file with his secret key; we can verify this:
 +
  gpg --verify KNOPPIX_V7.6.1DVD-2016-01-16-DE.iso.md5.asc
 +
and get:
 +
<pre>gpg: Signature made Sun Jan 24 19:41:31 2016 CET using DSA key ID 57E37087
 +
gpg: Good signature from "Klaus Knopper <knopper@knopper.net>"
 +
gpg:                aka "Klaus Knopper <info@knopper.net>"
 +
gpg:                aka "Klaus Knopper <knoppix@knopper.net>"
 +
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
 +
gpg:         There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
 +
Primary key fingerprint: 0E57 3DA0 F139 69EF 1DD5  ACAA 3798 E3D7 57E3 7087
 +
gpg: WARNING: not a detached signature; file 'KNOPPIX_V7.6.1DVD-2016-01-16-DE.iso.md5' was NOT verified!</pre>
 +
When in doubt we have to ask Prof. Knopper for his fingerprint telephonic or by letter.
  
To get the image-file on CD use RAW-Mode of your burning-software (have a look at Bild 1 WinOnCD German Edition).
+
<center>[[#top|Top]]</center>
  
*Select the KNOPPIX_Vxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.iso as filename of the image.
+
Return to '''[[Main Page]] of the Wiki'''
*Select 2048 Bytes/Sector as the correct data format (see Bild 2 WinOnCD German Edition).
+
[[Category : FAQ Page]]
 
+
Burn your CD as a '''"Single Session CD" or select finalize'''.
+
The Mode '''"Disk at once"''' or '''"Track at once"''' should be irrelevant for a
+
data-CD (have a look at the Online-Help of your burning software).
+
If the CD boots, but they are read errors, try '''"Disk at once"'''.
+
 
+
==== Q: My computer won't boot from CD. What should I do? ====
+
 
+
A: Look in your computer's [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS] (on many computers you need to push the "delete" or F1 key during the POST) to see whether it is set to boot from CD. If this is already set, your computer may not be able to read the CD (some notebooks have problems with black-coated CD's, for example). Some computers will only use the new BIOS settings after a hard reset. Other resources are this page which  [http://www.rlrouse.com/bios.html explains the PC BIOS] and this page [http://compreviews.about.com/cs/pchardwarebasics/a/aaBIOS_2.htm explains the boot order.]
+
 
+
 
+
A: If your computer doesn't support booting from CD, you can create a bootfloppy using the [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/rawrite "rawrite"] or better yet the mkfloppy.bat file program in the "KNOPPIX" directory on the CD.
+
 
+
A: Get the Smart Boot Manager, and install to floppy, this should let you boot from any bootable CD. http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/ . If you want to install from windows, download the sbminst.exe and run it from the Command Prompt like :
+
'''sbminst.exe -d 0''' to install to floppy drive.
+
 
+
====Q: How is the ISO supposed to be burned? ====
+
A: First check to see if the ISO that was downloaded is perfect & not corrupt. See the above FAQ labeled "What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?". If it passes the MD5 checksum then you must burn the ISO as an image. In the burning program, do not drag & drop the ISO into the burning screen. In the windows explorer, do not attempt to decompress the ISO with something like WinRAR. You must CHOOSE to burn it as an image. Burn it at a very slow speed prerferably 4x or 8x.
+
 
+
Some common mistake made when burning ISOs:
+
''"I downloaded & burned the ISO to CDR as a bootable image. Now it boots to a A:\ Caldera DR-DOS prompt."''
+
You are probably seeing something like:
+
Caldera DR-DOS 7.03
+
Copyright (c) 1976, 1998 Caldera, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
[DR-DOS] A:\]
+
This means that the ISO was burned as a bootable CD. A Knoppix ISO already includes the boot instructions so it is not necessary to burn it as as a bootable CD. Burning the ISO as an image will automatically take care of the bootable details.
+
 
+
==== Q: I downloaded KNOPPIX via WWW/FTP or got a downloaded version from a friend. My PC will boot off of it, but the bootup stalls after a bit or I only see the background picture, and nothing else happens. What's going on? ====
+
 
+
A: You possibly only got a partial download or the download was complete but corrupt. If this is the case, then the ISO image is defective and the CDR burn of Knoppix is also defective. This is because the data in the missing/changed parts cannot be accessed (sometimes one can even "hear" this because of the sound the CD-ROM drive makes due to repeated read attempts). It appears to work because the directory tree is written at the beginning of the CD and can be correctly read. However, reading the actual contents of the missing/changed parts is impossible, or in other words, accessing the contents fails. Some possible solutions can be found in the section "What are these strange MD5 files that accompany the ISO CD images?" and "How can I get the CD?".
+
 
+
==== Q: After I've used KNOPPIX, my "other" OS suddenly shows a blue screen with the message "File kernel.exe not found or defective" and "reinstall..." shortly after boot. ====
+
 
+
A: Simply take the KNOPPIX CD out of the CD-Rom drive and restart the computer.
+
 
+
==== Q: I see the partitions from my hard disk on the desktop and can access their contents when I click on them, but if I try to write to them I always get the error message "access denied". How can I write to my existing partitions? ====
+
 
+
A: The general philosophy of KNOPPIX is to allow as little write access as possible. For this reason, existing partitions are either not mounted or only mounted "read only". If you click with your right mouse button on an icon, the "read-only" attribute under item "device" can be un-checked. After this, the partition can be mounted "read-write" (for already mounted partitions, first click on "unmount"!). CAUTION: writing to NTFS partitions can lead to data loss, since Linux does not really support this file system! However, DOS and FAT32 file systems are safe for write access. Tip: In the shell the command "mount -o remount,rw /mnt/" can allow already-mounted file systems to be "made writeable".
+
 
+
==== Q: I have a fast access to a Knoppix-mirror. How can I burn with GNU/Linux this ISO file directly to CD-RW? ====
+
 
+
: - mkfifo KNOPPIX.fifo  # mkfifo create a fifo file
+
: - screen ftp mirror ....# screen creates multiple shells in one terminal (handy!) ftp connect to your mirror...
+
: get KNOPPIX-3.10-EN.iso KNOPPIX.fifo #command to copy inside your ftp-session
+
: - C-a C-c # screen will make a new shell
+
: - cdrecord dev=(your burner) speed=4 KNOPPIX.fifo # ftp starts to get data when cdrecord starts to read from fifo
+
: wait; exit; rm KNOPPIX.fifo; exit
+
(Attention, use "cdrecord -scanbus" before cdrecord to find the correct device of your cd-writer. If you own SCSI hds, you could lose all data of one hd when you use cdrecord with a wrong dev=(controller,id,partiton) !)
+
 
+
Alternatively:
+
 
+
''This works well and is much simpler:''
+
wget -O - URL_OF_IMAGE | cdrecord -v speed=4 -eject -
+
 
+
==== Q: Must I burn Knoppix on CD-RW to be able to test it? ====
+
A: When you run another GNU/Linux system, you can copy the content of the Iso-file to your hd and boot it directly from hd. See [[Hd Based HowTo]].
+
 
+
==== Q: How do I burn an image on to a CD using B's Recorder Gold from BHA? ====
+
A: Close the Wizard dialog if it pops up when you start the application. Drag the KNOPPIX-'''*'''.iso file to the lower RIGHT region of the app window. It is shaded in yellow and has the title "Track Type"(The icon with a musical note and a folder will be seen in the middle panel). Right click the left region where it says  ")1 DATA -mode1 and from the popup menu choose properties. Choose "ISO compatible" and "create from standard bootable disk image" in the two selection boxes. Then press the record button (Upper left), pick your options, and Voila - one KNOPPIX bootable CD is yours.
+
 
+
==== Q:Why do 750 MB fit onto an audio CD but only 650 MB onto a data CD? ====
+
 
+
A: A sector of a CD consists of 2352 bytes. With an audio CD, these are used completely for audio information. With data CDs, an additional fault correction is inserted, and the usable capacity shrinks to 2048 bytes. A 74 minute CD consists of 74x60x75 = 333000 sectors. With 2048 bytes per sector, this gives a usable capacity of around 650.1 MB, with 2352 bytes per sector it gives around 746.6 MB. This therefore also produces a difference in data rates for reading/writing: 172 kbps with audio and 150 kbps for data.
+
 
+
==== Q: Why does my writer/software not accept to write to my 80 minute CD-R? ====
+
 
+
A:Some older writers or older versions of writer software cannot recognise the new playing lengths, because the groove is laid more narrowly. Check with your hardware and software manufacturer to see if these newer media are supported. In most cases, updating the writer software's current firmware (check out the web site of the software manufacturer) will solve these problems.
+
 
+
*http://www.cdmediaworld.com/hardware/cdrom/cd_firmwares.shtml
+
 
+
==== Q: What to do if I haven't got enough space in the CD to burn Knoppix on it? ====
+
A: You can overburn it (http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD ).
+

Latest revision as of 17:34, 3 May 2016

Which version should I download?

The newest official versions should always be on the official BitTorrent Tracker, so get the most current status of version information there. They usually show up shortly after on most of the mirrors also, but some mirrors may take a week or more to update.

Official versions of Knoppix will have both a version number and a release date in their name. Some versions of Knoppix had several releases with different dates for minor bug fixes but did not change the version number, so checking the release date may be important.

Most of you needs the "KNOPPIX" and not "ADRIANE-KNOPPIX" version. "ADRIANE-KNOPPIX" is a special version for blind people.

The file names (before the ISO extension) will end in either DE or EN. The DE version will by default boot into German. The EN version will default to booting into English.

Most mirrors also contain some older version of Knoppix. There is currently no known website that offers all old released versions of Knoppix.

How do I get the current DVD?

  • Download KNOPPIX via BitTorrent. You can use the tool Transmission for this with its default settings. Start this tool and open the .torrent-file with it. You get a set of all related files also the md5 file automatically in one download. → BitTorrent has its own checks and the md5 is only a second recheck of a good download.
  • Download KNOPPIX from Mirrors. Try to choose the mirror nearest you for best results. When downloading from a mirror, then also download the accompanying MD5 file too.

Knoppix packages list

Version 7.7.0

Version 7.6.1

Top

What are these md5 files?

These files contains checksums for the actual DVD. A checksum is a way of fingerprinting files. Just like a real fingerprint identifies a single person, a checksum is unique and matches exactly one file. It is used to verify that the file downloaded matches the original all the way down to the smallest details.

Many file corruption problems have been observed when downloading from the mirrors. It is very important to check the md5 checksum if you use a mirror. If you've downloaded your Knoppix using the Torrents, you don't need to test integrity with md5sum. This will be done automatically by your Torrent client.

This discussion is about a separate md5 file that you can download from the mirror or that comes down as an individual file in the package of files that you get when you download with BitTorrent. The .md5 file is a plain-text file and can be viewed in a text editor or web browser.

Change to the download directory, where your KNOPPIX_V...EN.iso download is and the download of the KNOPPIX_V...EN.iso.md5 file. After this use

 md5sum -c KNOPPIX_V...EN.iso.md5

Attention: Instead of KNOPPIX_V...EN.iso.md5 use the real name.

  • When downloading and running under Windows, you can check the md5 checksum with Get-FileHash.

Checking the sha1 hash works the same as above.

sha1sum -c KNOPPIX_V...EN.iso.sha1

uses the .sha1 hash file that you can downloaded with the .iso image file.

What are these asc files?

If there is ever an uncertainty as whether or not the ISO image file and its accompanying MD5 file are originals & untampered, then the .asc files are important. The .asc files are digital signature messages.

Look for the public key of Klaus Knopper:

 gpg --keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net --search-keys "Klaus Knopper"

You'll get the message:

gpg --keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net --search-keys "Klaus Knopper"
gpg: searching for "Klaus Knopper" from hkp server pool.sks-keyservers.net
(1)    Klaus Knopper <knopper@linuxtag.de>
    Klaus Knopper <knopper@linuxtag.org>
      1024 bit RSA key BA8F038D, created: 2000-05-09
(2)    Klaus Knopper <info@knopper.net>
    Klaus Knopper <knopper@knopper.net>
    Klaus Knopper <knoppix@knopper.net>
      1024 bit DSA key 57E37087, created: 2000-05-06
(3)    Klaus Knopper <knopper@unix-ag.uni-kl.de>
      1024 bit RSA key D3892431, created: 1996-02-11
Keys 1-3 of 3 for "Klaus Knopper".  Enter number(s), N)ext, or Q)uit > 2
gpg: requesting key 57E37087 from hkp server pool.sks-keyservers.net
gpg: DBG: armor-keys-failed (KEY 0x0E573DA0F13969EF1DD5ACAA3798E3D757E37087 BEGIN
) ->0
gpg: DBG: armor-keys-failed (KEY 0x0E573DA0F13969EF1DD5ACAA3798E3D757E37087 END
) ->0
gpg: key 57E37087: "Klaus Knopper <knopper@knopper.net>" not changed
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:              unchanged: 1

Klaus Knopper has signed the "...md5" file with his secret key; we can verify this:

 gpg --verify KNOPPIX_V7.6.1DVD-2016-01-16-DE.iso.md5.asc 

and get:

gpg: Signature made Sun Jan 24 19:41:31 2016 CET using DSA key ID 57E37087
gpg: Good signature from "Klaus Knopper <knopper@knopper.net>"
gpg:                 aka "Klaus Knopper <info@knopper.net>"
gpg:                 aka "Klaus Knopper <knoppix@knopper.net>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: 0E57 3DA0 F139 69EF 1DD5  ACAA 3798 E3D7 57E3 7087
gpg: WARNING: not a detached signature; file 'KNOPPIX_V7.6.1DVD-2016-01-16-DE.iso.md5' was NOT verified!

When in doubt we have to ask Prof. Knopper for his fingerprint telephonic or by letter.

Top

Return to Main Page of the Wiki