Difference between revisions of "Cheat Codes"
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German Version: [[Cheat Codes Deutsch]] / French Version: [[Cheat Codes French]] | German Version: [[Cheat Codes Deutsch]] / French Version: [[Cheat Codes French]] | ||
---- | ---- | ||
+ | <pre> CHEATCODES AND HINTS FOR KNOPPIX V7.0 | ||
+ | ============================================================================== | ||
+ | (last update: 24.05.2012) | ||
+ | |||
+ | These options (can be combined) work from the ISOLINUX bootprompt: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ### General ### | ||
+ | adriane Start blind-friendly, talking desktop | ||
+ | debug Debug boot process step-by-step | ||
+ | expert Interactive setup for experts | ||
+ | knoppix (Default) Knoppix startup | ||
+ | knoppix64 Knoppix w/ 64bit Kernel | ||
+ | knoppix 2 Runlevel 2, Textmode only | ||
+ | |||
+ | ### Language/Country ### | ||
+ | knoppix lang=ch|cn|de|da|es|fr|it specify language/keyboard | ||
+ | knoppix lang=nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us specify language/keyboard | ||
+ | knoppix keyboard=us xkeyboard=us Use different keyboard (text/X) | ||
+ | knoppix utc Use Universal Time | ||
+ | knoppix tz=Europe/Berlin Use this timezone for TZ | ||
+ | (default: tz=localtime) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ### Hardware/Workarounds ### | ||
+ | knoppix ide1=reset Try this if knoppix can't find the | ||
+ | CD/DVD drive | ||
+ | knoppix no{apic,lapic,acpi,apm} Skip parts of HW-detection (1) | ||
+ | knoppix no{hwsetup,udev,dhcp,fstab} Skip parts of HW-detection (2) | ||
+ | knoppix no{pcmcia,sound,swap} Skip parts of HW-detection (3) | ||
+ | knoppix nousb Skip parts of HW-detection (4) | ||
+ | knoppix nolapic Disable local APIC (differs from noapic) | ||
+ | knoppix noideraid Disable IDE-Raiddisk detection | ||
+ | knoppix pnpbios=off No PnP Bios initialization | ||
+ | knoppix acpi=off Disable ACPI Bios completely | ||
+ | knoppix acpi=noirq Disable ACPI IRC routing only | ||
+ | knoppix acpi=force FORCE ACPI Bios initialization | ||
+ | knoppix noacpid Do not start ACPI even daemon | ||
+ | failsafe Boot with (almost) no HW-detection | ||
+ | knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98 Try this, if PS/2 mouse doesn't work *) | ||
+ | knoppix pci=bios Workaround for bad PCI controllers | ||
+ | knoppix ide2=0x180 nopcmcia Boot from PCMCIA-CD-Rom (some notebooks) | ||
+ | knoppix mem=512M Specify Memory size in MByte | ||
+ | knoppix wheelmouse Enable IMPS/2 protocol for wheelmice | ||
+ | knoppix nowheelmouse Force plain PS/2 protocol for PS/2-mouse | ||
+ | |||
+ | ### Desktop ### | ||
+ | knoppix desktop=kde|gnome|icewm Use specified WM instead of LXDE (1) | ||
+ | knoppix desktop=fluxbox|openbox Use specified WM instead of LXDE (2) | ||
+ | knoppix desktop=larswm|evilwm|twm Use specified WM instead of LXDE (3) | ||
+ | knoppix no3d Don't use compiz 3d fuctions | ||
+ | knoppix 3d Try compiz even on slow cards w/o dri | ||
+ | |||
+ | ### Graphics ### | ||
+ | knoppix screen=1280x1024 Use specified Screen resolution for X | ||
+ | knoppix hsync=95 Use 95 kHz horizontal X refresh rate | ||
+ | knoppix vsync=60 Use 60 Hz vertical refresh rate for X | ||
+ | knoppix xmodule=ati|fbdev|intel|mga Use specified Xorg-Module (1) | ||
+ | knoppix xmodule=nv|radeon|savage|s3 Use specified Xorg-Module (2) | ||
+ | knoppix xmodule=vesa|svga|vmware Use specified Xorg-Module (3) | ||
+ | knoppix norandr Disable Xorg RandR feature (may be | ||
+ | useful if wrong resolution was detected) | ||
+ | knoppix noddc Don't query monitor for resoution | ||
+ | knoppix nocomposite Don't use Xorg Composite extension | ||
+ | knoppix vga=normal No-framebuffer mode, but X | ||
+ | knoppix nodrm Don't load graphics acceleration modules | ||
+ | knoppix nofb Don't load framebuffer modules | ||
+ | knoppix nomodeset Don't use Kernel Mode Settings for X | ||
+ | fb1280x1024 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (1) | ||
+ | fb1024x768 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (2) | ||
+ | fb800x600 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (3) | ||
+ | fb640x480 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (4) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ### Configuration / Persistent image ### | ||
+ | knoppix nonetworkmanager Don't start network manager | ||
+ | knoppix toram Copy to RAM and run from there | ||
+ | knoppix tohd=/dev/sda1 Copy to Harddisk and run from there | ||
+ | knoppix fromhd=/dev/sda1 Boot from previously copied CD-Image | ||
+ | knoppix bootfrom=/dev/sda1/KNX.iso Access image, boot from ISO-Image. ***) | ||
+ | knoppix knoppix_dir=KNOPPIX Directory to search for on the CD. | ||
+ | knoppix knoppix_name=KNOPPIX Cloop-File to search for on the CD. | ||
+ | knoppix noswap Don't use existing swap partitions | ||
+ | knoppix nozram Don't use zram compressed swap-in-ram | ||
+ | knoppix forensic Don't use swap and mount read-only | ||
+ | knoppix secure Disable root access | ||
+ | knoppix noimage Do NOT use persistent image | ||
+ | |||
+ | ### Knoppix Terminalserver/Client ### | ||
+ | knoppix nfsdir=hostip:path Use nfsdir as /mnt-system for TS client | ||
+ | knoppix hostname=name Set TS client hostname | ||
+ | knoppix hostname=auto-mac Set TS client hostname from MAC address | ||
+ | knoppix hostname=auto-clock Set TS client hostname from clock | ||
+ | |||
+ | ### Various ### | ||
+ | knoppix noeject Do NOT eject CD after halt | ||
+ | knoppix noprompt Do NOT prompt to remove the CD | ||
+ | knoppix testcd|testdvd Check CD or DVD for defects | ||
+ | knoppix splash Use splash.ppm in initrd as boot pic | ||
+ | knoppix trace create an open() trace in /open.trace | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hint: Using the default DE-bootimage, SYSLINUX boots with german | ||
+ | keyboard layout. The '=' letter is located at Shift-0 on this keyboard | ||
+ | (just in case you want to change keyboard and language with lang=us). If | ||
+ | you need to change the keyboard layout later in X, and can't find a | ||
+ | convenient tool in the preferences, use "setxkbmap 'ca(multi)'" in order | ||
+ | to set up a new (multi-language canadian, in this example) keyboard | ||
+ | layout | ||
+ | |||
+ | *) Try "knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98" if (you have a notebook and) your | ||
+ | PS/2 mouse doesn't work. (Possibly caused by a BIOS-flaw on your board, | ||
+ | BIOS updates can help.) | ||
+ | |||
+ | If your KNOPPIX CD produces strange noises during boot, or you see | ||
+ | frequent errors like "cloop: read error", or programs on your KDE | ||
+ | desktop keep crashing randomly, then your CD image is probably defective | ||
+ | or incomplete, or your CD-burner created a defective CD due to wrong | ||
+ | writing speed or bad media. This is the most common error reported. | ||
+ | Please boot with "knoppix testcd" to check if the CD is OK. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of | ||
+ | the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in | ||
+ | knoppix nodrm nomodeset no3d noaudio noapm noapic nolapic | ||
+ | acpi=off pci=bios pnpbios=off nodma nopcmcia noscsi nousb ... | ||
+ | to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The "noswap" and/or "forensic" boot option is useful for a forensic | ||
+ | analysis without touching existing swap partitions. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Some Boards apparently don't pass the proper memory size to the | ||
+ | linux-kernel. It may cause the message "Panic: cannot mount root file | ||
+ | system" and the system hangs. Use "knoppix mem=512M" to solve that | ||
+ | problem if your system has 512MByte memory for example (caution: | ||
+ | you MUST use a capital "M" here). | ||
+ | |||
+ | When installing to read/write media, such as flash disks (using | ||
+ | flash-knoppix), you can add a swap file in order to replace missing | ||
+ | physical RAM by persistent storage space. You can create this swap | ||
+ | file like this from the running system: | ||
+ | dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt-system/KNOPPIX/knoppix.swp | ||
+ | mkswap /mnt-system/KNOPPIX/knoppix.swp | ||
+ | swapon /mnt-system/KNOPPIX/knoppix.swp | ||
+ | Please be aware that swapping on flash media can be painfully slow, and | ||
+ | is no perfect replacement for real RAM. The zram ram-compression feature | ||
+ | (available from Knoppix 7.0.1) can extend the usable ram range to ar | ||
+ | certain degree. | ||
+ | |||
+ | --- | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you need additional modules for starting controllers needed at boot | ||
+ | time, just copy the corresponding *.ko files from /lib/modules/* over to | ||
+ | /modules in the initial ramdisk (remaster needed). | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you place an update*.zip or update*tar.gz file on the medium holding | ||
+ | the KNOPPIX data, it will be unpacked onto the overlayed filesystem | ||
+ | before starting "init", thus allowing quick reconfiguration of the | ||
+ | system. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The file "knoppix.sh", if residing in the main KNOPPIX directory, will | ||
+ | be execuded after autoconfiguration and before starting the graphical | ||
+ | desktop. It can be used in order to start additional services. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you wish to remaster the CD, please don't forget to specify | ||
+ | -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \ | ||
+ | -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat | ||
+ | as option to mkisofs. Otherwise your CD or DVD won't be bootable. The | ||
+ | directory KNOPPIX, containig the compressed filesystem file "KNOPPIX", | ||
+ | must be located in the top level directory of the CD. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Caution: X-Screensaver: Don't start xlock or any screensaver that | ||
+ | requires a password. There are no default passwords on KNOPPIX, | ||
+ | i.e. all accounts are LOCKED unless you explicitly set a password. | ||
+ | See also README_Security.txt about this issue. | ||
+ | If you accidentially hit the screensaver button in KDE, | ||
+ | switch to one of the textconsoles by Control-Alt-F1 and kill | ||
+ | the screensaver (or just set a password for the knoppix user). | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you would like to edit your X-Server configuration manually | ||
+ | (config file /etc/X11/xorg.conf), use "knoppix 2" to boot | ||
+ | into runlevel 2 (textmode only) and, after changing the X | ||
+ | configuration, start the X environment with "init 5". Note that | ||
+ | you can always leave the graphical environment with "init 2", and | ||
+ | restart it later with "init 5". | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
* '''Hint:''' This Wiki page ".. seems to be a little out-of-date" as Klaus Knopper mentioned some time ago. | * '''Hint:''' This Wiki page ".. seems to be a little out-of-date" as Klaus Knopper mentioned some time ago. | ||
* '''To get the new Cheat Codes please download knoppix-cheatcodes.txt''' from the [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix-mirrors/ Mirrors]. | * '''To get the new Cheat Codes please download knoppix-cheatcodes.txt''' from the [http://www.knopper.net/knoppix-mirrors/ Mirrors]. |
Revision as of 08:58, 21 December 2012
Introduction
German Version: Cheat Codes Deutsch / French Version: Cheat Codes French
CHEATCODES AND HINTS FOR KNOPPIX V7.0 ============================================================================== (last update: 24.05.2012) These options (can be combined) work from the ISOLINUX bootprompt: ### General ### adriane Start blind-friendly, talking desktop debug Debug boot process step-by-step expert Interactive setup for experts knoppix (Default) Knoppix startup knoppix64 Knoppix w/ 64bit Kernel knoppix 2 Runlevel 2, Textmode only ### Language/Country ### knoppix lang=ch|cn|de|da|es|fr|it specify language/keyboard knoppix lang=nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us specify language/keyboard knoppix keyboard=us xkeyboard=us Use different keyboard (text/X) knoppix utc Use Universal Time knoppix tz=Europe/Berlin Use this timezone for TZ (default: tz=localtime) ### Hardware/Workarounds ### knoppix ide1=reset Try this if knoppix can't find the CD/DVD drive knoppix no{apic,lapic,acpi,apm} Skip parts of HW-detection (1) knoppix no{hwsetup,udev,dhcp,fstab} Skip parts of HW-detection (2) knoppix no{pcmcia,sound,swap} Skip parts of HW-detection (3) knoppix nousb Skip parts of HW-detection (4) knoppix nolapic Disable local APIC (differs from noapic) knoppix noideraid Disable IDE-Raiddisk detection knoppix pnpbios=off No PnP Bios initialization knoppix acpi=off Disable ACPI Bios completely knoppix acpi=noirq Disable ACPI IRC routing only knoppix acpi=force FORCE ACPI Bios initialization knoppix noacpid Do not start ACPI even daemon failsafe Boot with (almost) no HW-detection knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98 Try this, if PS/2 mouse doesn't work *) knoppix pci=bios Workaround for bad PCI controllers knoppix ide2=0x180 nopcmcia Boot from PCMCIA-CD-Rom (some notebooks) knoppix mem=512M Specify Memory size in MByte knoppix wheelmouse Enable IMPS/2 protocol for wheelmice knoppix nowheelmouse Force plain PS/2 protocol for PS/2-mouse ### Desktop ### knoppix desktop=kde|gnome|icewm Use specified WM instead of LXDE (1) knoppix desktop=fluxbox|openbox Use specified WM instead of LXDE (2) knoppix desktop=larswm|evilwm|twm Use specified WM instead of LXDE (3) knoppix no3d Don't use compiz 3d fuctions knoppix 3d Try compiz even on slow cards w/o dri ### Graphics ### knoppix screen=1280x1024 Use specified Screen resolution for X knoppix hsync=95 Use 95 kHz horizontal X refresh rate knoppix vsync=60 Use 60 Hz vertical refresh rate for X knoppix xmodule=ati|fbdev|intel|mga Use specified Xorg-Module (1) knoppix xmodule=nv|radeon|savage|s3 Use specified Xorg-Module (2) knoppix xmodule=vesa|svga|vmware Use specified Xorg-Module (3) knoppix norandr Disable Xorg RandR feature (may be useful if wrong resolution was detected) knoppix noddc Don't query monitor for resoution knoppix nocomposite Don't use Xorg Composite extension knoppix vga=normal No-framebuffer mode, but X knoppix nodrm Don't load graphics acceleration modules knoppix nofb Don't load framebuffer modules knoppix nomodeset Don't use Kernel Mode Settings for X fb1280x1024 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (1) fb1024x768 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (2) fb800x600 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (3) fb640x480 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (4) ### Configuration / Persistent image ### knoppix nonetworkmanager Don't start network manager knoppix toram Copy to RAM and run from there knoppix tohd=/dev/sda1 Copy to Harddisk and run from there knoppix fromhd=/dev/sda1 Boot from previously copied CD-Image knoppix bootfrom=/dev/sda1/KNX.iso Access image, boot from ISO-Image. ***) knoppix knoppix_dir=KNOPPIX Directory to search for on the CD. knoppix knoppix_name=KNOPPIX Cloop-File to search for on the CD. knoppix noswap Don't use existing swap partitions knoppix nozram Don't use zram compressed swap-in-ram knoppix forensic Don't use swap and mount read-only knoppix secure Disable root access knoppix noimage Do NOT use persistent image ### Knoppix Terminalserver/Client ### knoppix nfsdir=hostip:path Use nfsdir as /mnt-system for TS client knoppix hostname=name Set TS client hostname knoppix hostname=auto-mac Set TS client hostname from MAC address knoppix hostname=auto-clock Set TS client hostname from clock ### Various ### knoppix noeject Do NOT eject CD after halt knoppix noprompt Do NOT prompt to remove the CD knoppix testcd|testdvd Check CD or DVD for defects knoppix splash Use splash.ppm in initrd as boot pic knoppix trace create an open() trace in /open.trace Hint: Using the default DE-bootimage, SYSLINUX boots with german keyboard layout. The '=' letter is located at Shift-0 on this keyboard (just in case you want to change keyboard and language with lang=us). If you need to change the keyboard layout later in X, and can't find a convenient tool in the preferences, use "setxkbmap 'ca(multi)'" in order to set up a new (multi-language canadian, in this example) keyboard layout *) Try "knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98" if (you have a notebook and) your PS/2 mouse doesn't work. (Possibly caused by a BIOS-flaw on your board, BIOS updates can help.) If your KNOPPIX CD produces strange noises during boot, or you see frequent errors like "cloop: read error", or programs on your KDE desktop keep crashing randomly, then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, or your CD-burner created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media. This is the most common error reported. Please boot with "knoppix testcd" to check if the CD is OK. In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in knoppix nodrm nomodeset no3d noaudio noapm noapic nolapic acpi=off pci=bios pnpbios=off nodma nopcmcia noscsi nousb ... to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system. The "noswap" and/or "forensic" boot option is useful for a forensic analysis without touching existing swap partitions. Some Boards apparently don't pass the proper memory size to the linux-kernel. It may cause the message "Panic: cannot mount root file system" and the system hangs. Use "knoppix mem=512M" to solve that problem if your system has 512MByte memory for example (caution: you MUST use a capital "M" here). When installing to read/write media, such as flash disks (using flash-knoppix), you can add a swap file in order to replace missing physical RAM by persistent storage space. You can create this swap file like this from the running system: dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt-system/KNOPPIX/knoppix.swp mkswap /mnt-system/KNOPPIX/knoppix.swp swapon /mnt-system/KNOPPIX/knoppix.swp Please be aware that swapping on flash media can be painfully slow, and is no perfect replacement for real RAM. The zram ram-compression feature (available from Knoppix 7.0.1) can extend the usable ram range to ar certain degree. --- If you need additional modules for starting controllers needed at boot time, just copy the corresponding *.ko files from /lib/modules/* over to /modules in the initial ramdisk (remaster needed). If you place an update*.zip or update*tar.gz file on the medium holding the KNOPPIX data, it will be unpacked onto the overlayed filesystem before starting "init", thus allowing quick reconfiguration of the system. The file "knoppix.sh", if residing in the main KNOPPIX directory, will be execuded after autoconfiguration and before starting the graphical desktop. It can be used in order to start additional services. If you wish to remaster the CD, please don't forget to specify -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \ -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat as option to mkisofs. Otherwise your CD or DVD won't be bootable. The directory KNOPPIX, containig the compressed filesystem file "KNOPPIX", must be located in the top level directory of the CD. Caution: X-Screensaver: Don't start xlock or any screensaver that requires a password. There are no default passwords on KNOPPIX, i.e. all accounts are LOCKED unless you explicitly set a password. See also README_Security.txt about this issue. If you accidentially hit the screensaver button in KDE, switch to one of the textconsoles by Control-Alt-F1 and kill the screensaver (or just set a password for the knoppix user). If you would like to edit your X-Server configuration manually (config file /etc/X11/xorg.conf), use "knoppix 2" to boot into runlevel 2 (textmode only) and, after changing the X configuration, start the X environment with "init 5". Note that you can always leave the graphical environment with "init 2", and restart it later with "init 5".
- Hint: This Wiki page ".. seems to be a little out-of-date" as Klaus Knopper mentioned some time ago.
- To get the new Cheat Codes please download knoppix-cheatcodes.txt from the Mirrors.
Cheatcodes are used to pass options to KNOPPIX to help with getting it working on difficult hardware. In the initial boot phase you'll see the Knoppix emblem with the little penguin and the commandline at the bottom of the screen. Type your cheatcodes after "boot: " in the commandline and press [Enter]. With [F2] and/or [F3] you can see some of the most usefull cheatcodes.
The format is "kernel option option option ...". Usually "knoppix" is the right selection for the "kernel". You can type more than one cheatcode before pressing enter. Also note that some options can take on values. Example:
boot: knoppix nosound no3d mem=512 tz=America/Toronto
Options
- lang=bg|be|ch|cn|cs|cz|da|de|dk|es|fi|fr|ie|it|ja|nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|uk|us
- specify language/keyboard
- You can go to the ISO 639 site to see the two-letters code meanings.
- For example, typing knoppix lang=us you change the keyboard/language to US english.
- If you don't change the keyboard, in the default DE-bootimage, Knoppix boots with the german keyboard layout (i.e. '=' letter is located at Shift-0 at this keyboard). Print the german keyboard layout for your reference.
- keyboard=us
- specify only console keyboard
- xkeyboard=us
- specify X keyboard
- atapicd
- Do NOT use SCSI-Emulation for IDE CD-Roms - Knoppix V3.4 and later
- screen=1280x1024
- Use specified Screen resolution for X
- xvrefresh=60 or vsync=60
- Use 60 Hz vertical refresh rate for X
- xhrefresh=80 or hsync=80
- Use 80 kHz horizontal refresh rate for X
- xserver=XFree86|XF86_SVGA
- Use specified X-Server
- xmodule=ati|radeon|fbdev|vesa|savage|s3|nv|i810|mga|svga|tseng
- Use specified XFree4-Module
- wheelmouse
- The mouse is a wheelmouse - not needed since 2003-04-15
- nowheelmouse
- Regular PS/2 mouse - 2003-04-15 and after.
- i8042.noloop
- Fix mouse on MS VirtualPC
- 0
- Runlevel 0, Shutdown
- 1
- Runlevel 1, Textmode, single user
- 2
- Runlevel 2, Textmode only
- 3
- Runlevel 3, Textmode only
- 4
- Runlevel 4, Textmode only
- 5
- Runlevel 5, Graphics mode, default
- 6
- Runlevel 6, Reboot
- myconfig=scan or floppyconfig or floppyconf (in recent versions)
- Run knoppix.sh from a floppy. The "floppyconfig" option allows you to reconfigure the system after autoconfig, or install your own config files, by mounting a floppy disk and running a bourne shell script called knoppix.sh from the root directory on this floppy. There is a GUI to create such a configuration floppy disk calles "saveconfig" (also located in the KDE menu under "KNOPPIX", but experts also know how to do this by creating their own shellscripts. The configuration with network and graphics setup are stored in configs.tbz. A file called knoppix.sh, if located in the toplevel KNOPPIX directory on CD, will also be executed at startup. This makes it easier to create customized versions without having to change anything on the compressed filesystem KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX.
- myconf=/dev/sda1
- Run "knoppix.sh" from a partition - Knoppix V3.4
- myconf=scan (or config=scan)
- Try to find "knoppix.sh" automatically - Knoppix V3.4
- noapic noagp noapm nodma nomce nofirewire nopcmcia noscsi noswap nousb nosmp noaudio
- Skip parts of Hardware-detection, In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in knoppix noagp noapm noapic nodma nopcmcia noscsi nousb to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system. The "noswap" option is useful for a forensic analysis without touching existing swap partitions.
- nofstab
- By default Knoppix will look/scan the HDs to see if it contains partitions. If the HDs do have partitions, Knoppix will automatically build a '/etc/fstab' file and fill-in the appropriate partition entries and will also create the '/mnt/hdxx' mount points. The 'nofstab' cheat code prevents this look/scan and prevents the generation of the /etc/fstab and its mount points.
- nohwsetup
- Skip hardware detection (does not run hwsetup)
- no-hlt
- Do not perform hlt test. On some CPUs or with some power supplies the hlt test can cause the CPU to reset, so specifying this instruction will cause the system to ignore the hlt test and run at full power. Warning, this can cause your CPU to run hotter, and may defeat power saving measures.
- pci=bios
- Workaround for bad PCI controllers
- pci=biosirq
- Will force the use of the BIOS assigned Interrupt ReQuests on the PCI bus. Possible cure for non-functioning hardware. Very handy for unruly IRQ conflicts. Look at dmesg and cat /proc/pci to find out if you have any such troubles..
- pci=irqmask=0x0e98
- Notebook if PS/2 mouse doesn't work, Try "knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98" if (you have a notebook and) your PS/2 mouse doesn't work. (Possibly caused by a BIOS-flaw on your board.)
- ide2=0x180 nopcmia
- boot from PCMCIA-CD (Transmeta notebooks)
- mem=128M
- Specify Memory size in MByte, Some Boards apparently don't pass the proper memory size to the linux-kernel. It may cause the message "Panic cannot mount root file system" and the system hangs. Use "knoppix mem=128M" to solve that problem if your system has 128MByte memory for example (caution you MUST use a capital "M" here). Stuff like mem=16320K also works.
- noeject
- Do NOT eject CD after halt
- noprompt
- Its especially useful in combination with noeject. With noprompt, Knopix won't eject the CD and ask for a keypress. It was a much asked feature some time ago. Version 2003-09-22 and later.
- nodhcp
- skip dhcp/network broadcast detection
- splash
- It shows the upper half of the KDE splash-screen, while booting up. You can press Esc anytime to see all the messages. Ever wanted to hide those cryptic messages? Version 2003-09-22 and later.
- New in 3.4: Animations (see for yourself) and the ability to press any key.
- modules-disk
- This cheatcode allows you to insert a floppy disk with additional modules, for example USB-stick or similar. Yes, its also possible with "expert", but there you lose the automatic configuration afterwards. Version 2003-09-22 and later.
- toram
- Copy CD to RAM and run from there. Version 2003-09-05 and later.
- tohd
- You can now do a "poor mans install" on vfat and ext2-Partitions with, knoppix tohd=/dev/hda1 Version 2003-09-22 and later.
- fromhd
- With this cheatcode the CD-Roms are ignored, so you can finally boot your "poor mans install" with just the original cdrom. Version 2003-09-05 and later. note - Cheatcode "toram" and "fromhd" work now together. Usage fromhd=/dev/hda1.
- boot=/dev/hda1
- (after you load kernel and run ramdisk startup stuff (minirt.gz) however you may choose)
- Then continue starting up from hda1/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX . This is an easy way to free up your CD drive--you don't even need the CD at all, to boot, if you boot using loadlin, and have the 'linux' file and 'minirt.gz' file being loaded from the hard drive with loadlin. just copy the cd compressed contents to the root directory of a partition. then load knoppix with loadlin or however, passing this code in addition to the others, as you start up.
- This was tested to work on a fat32 partition, in knoppix 3.4. --gh78 May 20 2006
- bootfrom=/dev/hda1
- Access Image then boot from previously copied CD-Image (enables booting from NTFS / ReiserFS) - Knoppix V3.4
- bootfrom=/dev/hda1/KNX.iso
- Access image, boot from ISO-Image. - Knoppix V3.4
- NOTE: bootfrom needs access to a running Knoppix-System with the same Kernel as the Bootkernel, before it is able to mount the partition / ISO-Image. This should allow a poor mans install from NTFS-Partitions and makes it also possible to boot an ISO-Image directly. You can also use wildcards in the ISO-Filename, but it must be unique. So: If you have just one KNOPPIX.iso on /dev/hda1 you can access it as: bootfrom=/dev/hda1/K*.iso, but if there are several, you need to make clear, which one you want. (Feature added by Fabian Franz.)
- CAUTION: The 2.4 kernel that is in the KNOPPIX 3.4 CD does not support the ext3 filesystem so make sure that the ISO is stored in an ext2 filesystem.
- gmt|utc
- Hardware clock is set to GMT/UTC
- tz=Europe/Berlin
- Hardware clock is set to timezone Europe/Berlin
- vga=normal
- No-framebuffer mode, but X
- vga=ext
- 50-line TEXT mode
- vga=791
- Fix scrambled video on MS VirtualPC
- dma
- enable DMA for all IDE drives
- home=scan
- Set home directory. 'scan' will search for knoppix.img in the root of all partitions. To create a home directory, go K-menu -> Knoppix -> Configure -> Create persistant home directory. Be carefull when creating the home-dir, Do NOT use the entire partition unless you know what you are doing. Other options could be, home=/dev/hda1/knoppix.img home=/mnt/hda1/knoppix.img . If you are using a USB memory stick type home=/dev/sda1/knoppix.img but home=scan will probably do.
- blind
- Start Braille-Terminal (no X)
- brltty=type,port,table
- Parameters for Braille device.
For more information on brltty parameters see http://mielke.cc/brltty/guidelines.html
- alsa
- Autoconfigure alsa for an pci-soundcard
- alsa=es1938
- Configure alsa for the snd-es1938.o-module pci-soundcard
- testcd
- Check CD data integrity, If your KNOPPIX CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent errors like "cloop read error", or programs on your KDE desktop keep crashing randomly, then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, or your CD-burner created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media. This is the most common error reported. Please boot with "knoppix testcd" to check if the CD is OK, and/or even better, verify the MD5 checksums that are present on the mirrors before writing the CD. Also, please read the KNOPPIX-FAQ.
- CAUTION: testcd can take a long time and the screen saver often starts while the testcd check is running. Hit SHIFT or CTRL to turn off the screen saver and continue, there is likely no need to reset the system or burn another CD at this point.
- pnpbios=off
- No PnP Bios initialization
- acpi=off
- Disable ACPI Bios completely
- knoppix_dir=KNOPPIX
- Directory to search for on the CD.
- knoppix_name=KNOPPIX
- Cloop-File to search for on the CD.
- -b
- "Emergency Mode", a quick-n-dirty boot, almost no HW detection, only 1 VT. Good if you just need to fdisk IDE devices, activate a different partition for booting, DD stuff, and you are planning on rebooting Real Fast after you're done. You can actually Alt-SysRQ-B safely ie. immediate reboot w/o worrying about shutting down nicely or anything, because nothing is mounted r/w at ALL - not even swap. Also works on other Linux distros.
Kernels
For a complete listing of the kernels and kernel labels, see the isolinux.cfg file on the CD.
- knoppix or linux
- Default settings
# cat /proc/cmdline ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=791 initrd=minirt.gz nomce quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
- knoppix26 or linux26
- Boot the 2.6 kernel for use with the new Knoppix 3.4 and 3.4 c't Edition.
- fb1280x1024 or fb1024x768 or fb800x600
- Use fixed framebuffer graphics
# cat /proc/cmdline ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=794 xmodule=fbdev initrd=minirt.gz nomce quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
- failsafe
- Boot with (almost) no hardware detection
# cat /proc/cmdline ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us vga=normal atapicd nosound noapic noacpi pnpbios=off acpi=off nofstab noscsi nodma noapm nousb nopcmcia nofirewire noagp nomce nodhcp xmodule=vesa initrd=minirt.gz BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix BOOT_IMAGE=linux
- expert
- Interactive setup for experts, The "expert" mode provides a very simple and not yet well tested interface to loading additional Kernel modules from floppy disks (ext2 or vfat), plus interactive configuration of mouse/keyboard/soundcard/xserver. "expert" mode supports the same boot options as "knoppix".
# cat /proc/cmdline ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=791 initrd=minirt.gz nomce BOOT_IMAGE=expert BOOT_IMAGE=linux
- expert26
- The same as above only with 2.6 kernel - Knoppix V3.4
- memtest
- Run memtest86 instead of Linux - Knoppix V3.4
- debug
- Pauses at various stages in the boot and shutdown processes. Type 'exit' to move on to the next stage.
# cat /proc/cmdline ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=us apm=power-off vga=normal initrd=minirt.gz debug BOOT_IMAGE=debug BOOT_IMAGE=linux
- userdef
- useful kernel alias if you use knoppix-customize. Type 'man knoppix-customize' for more information. Very experimental.
Tips&Tricks
If you are unable to boot Knoppix (i.e. the screen goes blank, you see a kernel panic message, the screen flickers, you are dropped into a minimal shell, Knoppix simply freezes while booting, etc.), try these boot commands in order:
- boot: knoppix vga=0
- boot: knoppix acpi=off pnpbios=off noapic noapm Helpful for laptops
- boot: knoppix vga=0 debug -b 3 Using this boot command will cause Knoppix to pause at various stages in the boot process. Just type 'exit' at each shell prompt to move on to the next stage. You will know that you are at the final stage when typing 'exit' does not do anything. If you get that far, type 'init 5' to go into graphics mode.
- boot: failsafe debug -b 3 That will do the same as the previous boot command, except turn off most of the hardware detection.
If you still have issues, please post in the Hardware & Booting forum, tell us which of the above boot commands you tried, and how far in the boot process you were able to get.
Information for further troubleshooting:
Most of the boot options are parsed by different programs and scripts during the booting process, roughly in this order:
- the isolinux bootloader
- the linux kernel
- /linuxrc , which can be found in /cdrom/boot/isolinux/miniroot.gz -> linuxrc
- /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig
- /etc/init.d/xsession
- /usr/sbin/mkxf86config
- /etc/init.d/knoppix-halt
- /etc/init.d/knoppix-reboot
For more information on passing boot parameters to the kernel, see 'man boot' and 'man bootparam'.
Updates
- Updated for Knoppix 3.1 2003-01-05
- Updated for Knoppix 3.2
- desktop=gnome is no longer available... (use Gnoppix).
- Updated for Knoppix 3.8.2
Links
- http://lists.debian.org/debian-knoppix/2009/11/msg00018.html -- Cheatcodes version 6.2.0 (From Klaus 20091111)
- http://www.knoppix.nl/5.3/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt -- Cheatcode version 5.3.
- http://www.kernel.org/pub/dist/knoppix-dvd/knoppix-cheatcodes.txt -- KNOPPIX V5.0.1 (last update: 12.05.2006)
- http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/BootPrompt-HOWTO.html
- http://www.cheatworld.net -- cheat codes library
- http://www.wlug.org.nz/bootparam%287%29
- kernel-parameters-2.6.11
- User:Ml#miniroot_changes: i added some new cheatcodes for exotic boot media (nocloop, fromiso, nbd, nfs etc). they're not supported by default so a new miniroot.gz is needed.