Category:Hard drive Installation


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The main strength of Knoppix is its ability to be run from memory as a Live Linux CD. To boot the CD/DVD Isolinux is used. The advantage to this is that you can take the CD/DVD with you. However, it is possible to install Knoppix on other mediums.

Flash disk Install

Boot with Knoppix CD/DVD and select 'Knoppix/ Install KNOPPIX to flash disk' (since Knoppix 7.1, respectively "experimental version" in Knoppix 7.05). There are two options to choose from:

  • Installation on FAT32 with (optional) overlay file < 4GB
  • Installation on FAT32 with additional overlay partition

In the first case you will get an installation of compressed filesysten Image and the persistent memory all within '/dev/sda1' (FAT32 formatted).

In the other case you will get an installation of compressed filesystem Image to '/dev/sda1' (FAT32 formatted) and the persistent memory in '/dev/sda2' (ReiserFS formatted).

Both these installations uses Syslinux to boot. At the end of the installation you will be asked to encrypted or not the persistent memory.

Flash disk Install to HD

You can use 'Knoppix/ Install KNOPPIX to flash disk' and do the installation not on an flash device but on a (external) hard drive.

Poor man's install

In earlier days there have been many descriptions how to copy the compressed filesystem Image to hard drive, how to boot these installations and they have been called like poor man's install, PMI, poor man's install to HD, basic poor man's install ...

Nowadays you can do it as follows: Boot with the Knoppix-CD/DVD using the cheatcode

knoppix tohd=/dev/sda1

Important note: "/dev/sda1" is only as an example; use your own value!

If you want to boot this installation using GRUB legacy or GRUB2, do also as follows:

su
mount /media/sr0
cp /media/sr0/boot/isolinux/linux /media/sr0/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz \
  /mnt-system/KNOPPIX/

Knoppix will create a folder called "KNOPPIX" in the partition you chose and you will be asked to create persistent memory. The used disk partition can be a Linux format such as EXT3 but can also be FAT32 or NTFS (pre Windows 8).

To boot this poor man's install you need again a Knoppix CD/DVD or a boot-only Knoppix-CD with the same Kernel version; at boot prompt type:

knoppix fromhd=/dev/sda1

Otherwise if you are using GRUB2 as bootloader, start your operating system - for example Debian - and append within '/etc/grub.d/40_custom'

menuentry "Knoppix" {
set root='(hd1,1)'
linux /KNOPPIX/linux (.. other boot-parameter ..)
initrd /KNOPPIX/minirt.gz
}

Don't forget "update-grub"!

Important note: In this example Knoppix has been installed to 2nd device in the first partition of it (hd1,1). "(hd0,1)" means first hard drive and first partition with GRUB 2.

If you are using GRUB legacy as bootloader, start your operating system - for example Knoppix HD install - and append within '/boot/grub/menu.lst'

title KNOPPIX-Pmi
root (hd1,0)
kernel /knoppix/linux root=/dev/sdb1 (.. other boot-parameter ..)
initrd /knoppix/minirt.gz

Important note: In this example Knoppix has been installed to 2nd device in the first partition of it (hd1,0). "(hd0,0)" means first hard drive and first partition with GRUB legacy.

Instead of (.. other boot-parameter ..) use the parameters as you need or as you can see in the "APPEND"-lines of '/mnt-system/boot/isolinux/isolinux.cfg' - but without the parameter "initrd=minirt.gz".

HD Install

Boot with Knoppix CD/DVD and select 'Knoppix/ KNOPPIX HD install' in a free partiton you chose. You will get a Debian-style installation in your partiton (ReiserFS formatted) and the option to use GRUB legacy as bootmanager.

Important note: Read "Help" of the installation tool first!

ISO Install to HD

Copy the whole Knoppix ISO to a harddrive. In my example I copied it to an extern harddrive (1st partition of it) to the folder '/ISO/' and renamed the Knoppix ISO (insert the real name of the used Knoppix ISO instead of "KNOPPIX.....DE.iso")

mv -f /media/sdb1/ISO/KNOPPIX.....DE.iso /media/sdb1/ISO/KNX.iso

To boot this ISO installation to HD you need again a Knoppix CD/DVD or a boot-only Knoppix-CD with the same Kernel version; at boot prompt type:

knoppix bootfrom=/dev/sdb1/ISO/KNX.iso

Otherwise if you are using GRUB2 as bootloader, start your operating system - for example Debian - and append within '/etc/grub.d/40_custom'

menuentry "Knoppix ISO" {
loopback loop (hd1,1)/ISO/KNX.iso
linux (loop)/boot/isolinux/linux bootfrom=/dev/sdb1/ISO/KNX.iso (.. other boot-parameter ..)
initrd (loop)/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz
}

Don't forget "update-grub"!

Instead of (.. other boot-parameter ..) use the parameters as you need or as you can see in the "APPEND"-lines of '/mnt-system/boot/isolinux/isolinux.cfg' - but without the parameter "initrd=minirt.gz".

Important note: "/sdb1/ISO/" is only as an example; use your own value! Knoppix has been installed to 2nd device in the first partition of it (hd1,1). "(hd0,1)" means first hard drive and first partition with GRUB 2.

Persistent memory

This is one of the most useful features in Knoppix, and together with unionfs, makes Knoppix very versatile indeed. The entire unionfs can be saved, so that configuration changes, settings, user data, packages which have been downloaded and installed etc can all be saved and will be available at subsequent sessions.

With "Flash disk Install" and the option overlay file you'll get an image file '/KNOPPIX/knoppix-data.img' respectively '/KNOPPIX/knoppix-data.aes' in case of encryption. At the next boot, Knoppix will scan for any image file named knoppix-data.img or knoppix-data.aes. If you use "df -h" you can see the values of the persistent memory at the line "/dev/loop ... ".

With "Flash disk Install" and the option overlay partition you can create persistent memory (encrypted or not) in a separate partition '/dev/sda2' and without the limitation of maximum size of 4 GB. At the next boot, Knoppix will scan for the file '/mnt-system/KNOPPIX/knoppix-data.inf', which contains the line "2 KNOPPIX_DATA reiserfs". If you use "df -h" you can see the values of the persistent memory at the line "/dev/sd. ... KNOPPIX_DATA".

UNIONFS

One of the limitations of a Live CD is that most of the system area is read-only – in particular, '/usr' where most executable programs are kept. Some programs can run from '/home', which is writable, but many programs need to change and access components into standard locations like '/lib' or '/usr/lib' are read-only. Fortunately there are solutions.

Unionfs is another important development introduced into Knoppix from Version 3.8 onwards. Unionfs is a virtual filesystem. It creates a writable system file area in ram with all the system directories such as '/etc', '/usr' and so on. This is then seamlessly merged with the read-only system files on the CD. A very readable description of unionfs can be found here: Kyle Rankin on unionfs

With unionfs, it becomes possible to "write" to the system area. Knoppix can then be treated almost like it is installed on a writable media. You can do install programs with apt-get, aptitude or synaptic, download and install .deb packages, compile and install new drivers, edit config files in '/etc' and so on.

Of course, you may still download an incompatible package which upsets Knoppix's delicate balance and break Knoppix, just like in a hard disk install. But this is a Live CD! The problems go away at the next reboot.

On the other hand, if you installed something which works well, you will not have to do it again. You can save it and it can be made available at the next session.

If you decide to do a HD installation of Knoppix, please read HD Install Warning not to do it first.

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Pages in category "Hard drive Installation"

The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total.